![]() The calcification rate was determined from the product of skeletal extension rate and bulk density. ![]() Here we present Porites calcification records from the northern Arabian Sea upwelling zone and investigate the coral calcification response to low Ωsw and high nutrient concentrations due to seasonal upwelling. Coral calcification is favoured in oligotrophic environments with high seawater saturation states of aragonite (Ωsw), which leads to an increased vulnerability to anthropogenic ocean acidification and eutrophication. Their persistence rests upon adequate calcification rates of the reef building biota, such as reef corals. Tropical shallow-water reefs are the most diverse ecosystems in the ocean. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10646-9. Bonefish viruses may be indicators of environmentally driven physiological and immunological compromise, causes of ill health, or both. Bonefish from Florida also had markedly higher viral loads than fish sampled from any other area, both for a novel narnavirus and for all viruses combined. Bonefish from Florida and Mexico had higher viral richness (numbers of distinct viruses per individual fish) than fish sampled from other areas, and bonefish from the Upper Florida Keys had the highest prevalence of viral infection (proportion of positive fish) than fish sampled from any other location. We identified four viruses, all of which are members of families known to infect marine fishes (Flaviviridae, Iflaviridae, Narnaviridae, and Nodaviridae), but all of which were previously undescribed. vulpes sampled throughout their Western Atlantic range, including populations in Florida that have experienced population declines and populations in Belize, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and The Bahamas that have remained apparently stable. We used a metagenomic approach to identify and quantify viruses in the blood of 103 A. Habitat loss, water quality impairment, chemical inputs, and other anthropogenic factors have been implicated as causes, but the role of pathogens has been largely overlooked, especially with respect to viruses. In the State of Florida, USA, bonefish population numbers declined by approximately 60% between the 1990s and 2015. These results demonstrate significant effects of land use on the coral reef ecosystems of the island, and the importance of appropriate combinations of analytical scales and biogeochemical indicators.Ītlantic Bonefish (Albula vulpes) are economically important due to their popularity with recreational anglers. The macroalgal δ¹⁵N showed a strong relationship with agricultural lands of watersheds within 7 km and urban/forest lands of watersheds within 24 km. POM-relevant indicators were associated with agricultural and urban lands of watersheds within relatively small ranges (6–14 km), while the concentrations of inorganic nutrients were associated with watersheds within 20 km or more. In this study, nine biogeochemical indicators were sampled from 36 locations of coral reefs fringing a subtropical island, and their relationships with watershed land use were assessed by spatial autoregressive models with spatial weight matrixes based on distance thresholds of a few to 30 km. The analytical spatial scale and selection of biogeochemical indicators affect interpretations of land-use impacts on coastal marine environments.
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